![\"Hamilelikte](\"https:\/\/momslab.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pregnant-woman-checking-blood-sugar-level-by-using-digital-glucose-meter_11zon-574x1024.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nDiyabet nedir ve nas\u0131l olu\u015fur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Hamilelik s\u0131ras\u0131nda diyabetin neden tehlikeli oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in, bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu anlamak gerekir. Diyabet, ins\u00fclinin relatif veya mutlak eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle kanda kronik olarak y\u00fckselen glikoz seviyesinin olu\u015ftu\u011fu bir endokrin hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130ns\u00fclin, pankreas taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen bir protein-peptid hormonudur. Bu hormon, kanda normal glikoz seviyesini korumaktan ve h\u00fccrelere enerji sa\u011flamaktan sorumludur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eeker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fiminde, metabolik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde bir bozulma meydana gelir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ya organizma ins\u00fcline duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder ya da pankreas onu yeterli miktarda \u00fcretemez. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, glikoz h\u00fccrelere ula\u015fmadan kanda birikir. Bunun sonucunda dokular enerji yetersizli\u011fi ya\u015far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diyabet T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Glikoz ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131ndaki bozulman\u0131n sebebini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki t\u00fcrler yayg\u0131n olarak kabul edilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Birinci tip diyabet – ins\u00fclin eksikli\u011finden dolay\u0131 geli\u015fir, hasta pankreas\u0131n ins\u00fclin \u00fcretimini yeterince yerine getirememesi nedeniyle ins\u00fclin i\u00e7eren ila\u00e7lar almak zorunda kal\u0131r;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0130kinci tip diyabet – olu\u015fum sebebi ins\u00fclin direncinde yatar, yani hormonu h\u00fccreler yeterli miktarda olsa bile duymaz, bu y\u00fczden glikoz ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Gestasyonel \u2013 bu, gebelikle birlikte geli\u015fen ve genellikle do\u011fumdan sonra ge\u00e7en diyabet olup, anne ve fetus sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tehlikelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Glukoza kar\u015f\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f tolerans ile karakterize edilen bu durum, prediyabetik olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve ayr\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131r. A\u00e7l\u0131k kan \u015fekeri normal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, sapma glukoz y\u00fcklemesinden sonra tespit edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n![\"Hamilelikte](\"https:\/\/momslab.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439-\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0442-\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e1.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\nGebelikte \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fhisi nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Daha \u00f6nce diyabet olmayan kad\u0131nlar, hamilelikle birlikte gestasyonel diyabet (GDS) geli\u015ftirdiklerinin fark\u0131nda olmayabilirler. Bunun te\u015fhisi, hamilelik s\u0131ras\u0131nda kan \u015fekeri testlerinin d\u00fczenli olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131r. Gebelikte gestasyonel diyabet te\u015fhisi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle a\u00e7 karna damar kan\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r. Normal de\u011ferler 3,3-5,1 mmol\/l kabul edilir. E\u011fer bu de\u011ferler a\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, glikoz tolerans testi veya glikoz y\u00fckleme testi yap\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Analiz 2 a\u015famadan olu\u015fur. \u0130lk \u00f6nce a\u00e7 karna normal bir test yap\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra kad\u0131n, 75 g glikoz i\u00e7eren bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u00e7er ve 2 saat sonra tekrar test yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcpheler devam ederse, birka\u00e7 saat sonra test tekrar edilir. GDS tan\u0131s\u0131, a\u00e7l\u0131k kan\u0131ndaki glikoz d\u00fczeyinin 5,1-7 mmol\/l aras\u0131nda, 75 g glikoz al\u0131nd\u0131ktan 2 saat sonra ise 8,5 mmol\/l’den fazla olmas\u0131 durumunda do\u011frulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kimler risk grubunda<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ne yaz\u0131k ki, hamilelik s\u0131ras\u0131nda gestasyonel diyabet tamamen sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir kad\u0131nda da geli\u015febilir, bu y\u00fczden d\u00fczenli olarak doktora gitmek ve \u00f6nerilen taramalar\u0131 atlamamak \u00f6nemlidir. Ancak, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki risk fakt\u00f6rleri de bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- 30 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde veya 18 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131nda olmak;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u00e7o\u011ful gebelik;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- polikistik over sendromu;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- fiziksel aktivite eksikli\u011fi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- yemekte \u00e7ok miktarda h\u0131zl\u0131 karbonhidrat bulunmas\u0131;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- zararl\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 – alkol k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131, sigara i\u00e7me;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- fazla kilo ve obezite, ki bunlar kesinlikle metabolik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin bozulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- daha \u00f6nce 4 kg \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir \u00e7ocuk do\u011furmu\u015f olmak;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- mevcut hamilelik s\u0131ras\u0131nda – b\u00fcy\u00fck fetus;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- daha \u00f6nce ge\u00e7mi\u015fte var olan gestasyonel diyabet veya prediyabet, ki bunlara yatk\u0131nl\u0131k zamanla kaybolmaz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Gestasyonel Diyabet Belirtileri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Genellikle gebelikte gestasyonel diyabet, 15-20. haftalar aras\u0131nda geli\u015fir. Erken d\u00f6nemde tespit edilmesi, kad\u0131n\u0131n hamilelikten \u00f6nce Tip I veya Tip II diyabeti oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Gebelikte gestasyonel diyabetin tespitiyle ilgili en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun, genellikle 1. ve 2. tip hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in tipik olmayan belirtilere sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda, hastal\u0131k belirti g\u00f6stermeden ilerler, bu da hem anne aday\u0131 hem de fet\u00fcs i\u00e7in son derece tehlikelidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Belirgin GDM belirtileri olduk\u00e7a nadir olup, hepsi spesifik de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, anne aday\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 susuzluk ve bununla ili\u015fkili olarak g\u00fcnde 2 litreden fazla su t\u00fcketme, a\u011f\u0131z kurulu\u011fu, kilo kayb\u0131 veya al\u0131m\u0131 hissedebilir. Hamileler a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 idrara \u00e7\u0131kma (poli\u00fcri), genital b\u00f6lgede ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, enerji eksikli\u011fi, i\u015ftah de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, yorgunluk, halsizlik, aktivite azalmas\u0131ndan \u015fikayet edebilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"Hamilelikte](\"https:\/\/momslab.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pregnant-woman-measures-her-blood-pressure-writes-results-notebook_11zon-1024x683.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nHamilelikte diyabetin tehlikeleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Hamilelik s\u0131ras\u0131nda geli\u015fen gestasyonel diyabet, patolojik bir durum olup, anne ve bebe\u011fin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tehdit olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu, hen\u00fcz do\u011fmadan \u00f6nce bebe\u011fin annenin kan\u0131ndaki y\u00fcksek glukozu telafi etmek i\u00e7in aktif olarak ins\u00fclin \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131yla ilgili bir durumdur. Bunun sonucunda, bu t\u00fcr \u00e7ocuklar do\u011fumdan itibaren d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kan \u015fekeri e\u011filimine sahip olurlar. Ayr\u0131ca, yeti\u015fkinlikte tip II diyabet ve obezite riski daha y\u00fcksektir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hamilelikte gestasyonel diyabet, preeklampsi – gestozun \u015fiddetli bir \u015fekli, y\u00fcksek tansiyon gibi ek risk fakt\u00f6rlerini beraberinde getirir. Preeklampsinin belirtileri aras\u0131nda uyu\u015fukluk, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, g\u00f6rme bozukluklar\u0131, bulant\u0131, kusma, uykusuzluk veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 uyku hali bulunur. Hamilelikte gestasyonel diyabetin tetikleyebilece\u011fi merkezi sinir sistemini etkileyen en ciddi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klardan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba\u015fka hangi sonu\u00e7lar olabilir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Hamilelikte gestasyonel diyabetin bir ba\u015fka endi\u015fe verici fakt\u00f6r\u00fc ise bebe\u011fin anne karn\u0131ndayken h\u0131zl\u0131 kilo almas\u0131d\u0131r – makrozomi. Bu durum ilerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te do\u011fumda zorluklara ve anne sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tehditlere yol a\u00e7ar. E\u011fer fet\u00fcs a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 4 kg’dan fazla ise, do\u011fum yaralanmalar\u0131 riski artar ve bu durumda sezaryen operasyonu olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bebe\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlar\u0131, belirlenen tarihten \u00f6nce zorunlu do\u011fum yap\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir ve bu da erken do\u011fum riskini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hamile kad\u0131nlarda y\u00fcksek \u015fekerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, bebe\u011fin nefes almakta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekme durumunu (solunum s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 sendromu), sinirsel ve kardiyovask\u00fcler patolojileri ve genel olarak gebelikte ve do\u011fum s\u0131ras\u0131nda komplikasyon riskini ve s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nas\u0131l tedavi edilir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Gebelik boyunca gestasyonel diyabet tedavisinde ilk ad\u0131m, hafif egzersizler ve dengeli bir diyettir. Ama\u00e7, \u015fekeri normal de\u011ferlere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektir. GDM belirtileri g\u00f6steren hastalar, fetusun d\u00fczg\u00fcn geli\u015fimi ve kendi sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in gerekli olan t\u00fcm minerallere ve vitaminlere ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. \u00d6neriler aras\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck porsiyonlar \u015feklinde yemek yemek, ya\u011fl\u0131 hamur i\u015fleri ve fast food’dan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak, diyeti taze sebzeler, tah\u0131llar ve ya\u011fs\u0131z et ile \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmek bulunur. Kesinlikle yasak olanlar ise y\u00fcksek glisemik indeksli yiyeceklerdir (muz, \u00fcz\u00fcm, \u015feker, beyaz ekmek). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Su aerobi\u011fi, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f, tedavi edici spor, y\u00fczme faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. E\u011fer fiziksel aktiviteler ve diyet kan \u015fekerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmediyse, ins\u00fclin tedavisi uygulan\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek \u015feker, her yemek yedikten bir saat sonra ve a\u00e7 karn\u0131na olmak \u00fczere, evde kullan\u0131lan glukometre ile kan \u015fekerinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"Hamilelikte](\"https:\/\/momslab.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/close-up-young-mother-holding-pills-staying-home-fight-nausea-keep-her-birth-healthy_197531-21248-1024x682.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nDiyabet ve Do\u011fum<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Hamilelikte diyabet, sadece \u00e7ocu\u011fun ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda do\u011fum s\u0131ras\u0131nda komplikasyon riski i\u00e7in de ciddi bir tehdittir. ABD’deki Wayne \u00dcniversitesi bilim insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan son ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, gebelik diyabeti (GDM) durumunda, do\u011fum i\u00e7in optimal zaman\u0131n gebeli\u011fin 39-40. haftalar\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Uzmanlar, bu d\u00f6nemde annenin vajinal do\u011fum i\u00e7in cerrahi m\u00fcdahale riskinin ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 sendromu geli\u015ftirme riskinin en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Daha ge\u00e7 bir tarihte do\u011fumun uyar\u0131lmas\u0131 genellikle olumsuz sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7ar ve hatta olumsuz neonatal sonu\u00e7lara neden olabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
39. haftadan \u00f6nce do\u011fum eyleminin uyar\u0131lmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca belirli bir semptom varsa \u00f6nerilir. Bunlar, amniyotik zarlar\u0131n y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131, hipertansif bozukluk, fet\u00fcs\u00fcn ya\u015fam g\u00f6stergelerinin k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesi olabilir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6l\u00fc do\u011fum riskini art\u0131ran yetersiz glisemik kontrol durumunda da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hamilelere Y\u00f6nelik Koruma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Gebelikte diyabetten koruyacak kesin yollar, maalesef bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak, kad\u0131n hamilelik \u00f6ncesi ve erken d\u00f6nemde ne kadar \u00e7ok sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k edinirse, hamilelik ve do\u011fum o kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7er. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- ilk g\u00fcnden itibaren d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ya\u011f ve y\u00fcksek lif i\u00e7eren \u00fcr\u00fcnler t\u00fcketmek, \u00f6ncelikli olarak tam tah\u0131llar ve sebzeler;\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- porsiyon boyutlar\u0131na dikkat etmek ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermek;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- her g\u00fcn en az yar\u0131m saat spora ay\u0131rmak;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- g\u00fcnl\u00fck y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fler yapmak, y\u00fczme, bisiklete binmek;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- hamileli\u011fi normal kiloda planlamak, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 kilo almamak \u2013 bu, hamilelikte gestasyonel diyabet riskini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131, GSD’den evrensel bir koruma sa\u011flamasa da, riskini azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Belirtileri zaman\u0131nda tespit etmek ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerlemesine izin vermemek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130statistiklere g\u00f6re neredeyse %18 kad\u0131nlarda hamilelik s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir durum – gebelik s\u0131ras\u0131nda gestasyonel diyabet (GD) geli\u015fmesi. Ve e\u011fer tan\u0131s\u0131 konmu\u015f tip 1 veya 2…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":7471,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","tstyn_error":""},"categories":[757],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gebelik-tr"],"yoast_head":"\n
Hamilelikte Diyabet \u2013 Nedenleri ve Risk Fakt\u00f6rleri<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Diyabet gibi ciddi bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fimi, bebek ta\u015f\u0131rken patolojik bir durumdur ve tehlikeli sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir. 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